Wood finishes are clear, protective coatings applied on the surface of wood. Wood finishes contribute to the final look, and durability of wooden handicrafts. Indian craftsmen coat wooden handicrafts with wood finishes to protect the surface of wood, and add sheen to the finished product.

Bare wood is highly susceptible to moisture changes, resulting in constant expansion and contraction. Wooden handicrafts coated with finishes are less susceptible to the variations in humidity. Wood finishes keep them as durable as they are beautiful.

Types of wood finishes
Wood finishes may be classified into five main categories :

• Varnish
• Polyurethane
  
• Oil
  
• Water-based Finishes
  
• Shellac
  
• Lacquer
  

Varnish
Varnish is one of the most durable finishes, and the level of protection increases with each additional coat. It acts as a smooth, glossy finish. Varnish is usually combined with polyurethane for extended durability and protectiveness of the finish.

Polyurethane
Polyurethane lends a clear look to the surface, and it is hard and abrasion-resistant. It is a durable, fast-drying finish. It enhances the amber or yellowish color. Though a single coat of polyurethane may be better than a few coats of water-based finish, it is prone to cracking after four to five coats.

Water-based finishes
Water-based finish can be described simply as latex paint without any pigment. They are popular for their non-flammable, and environment-friendly properties. Water-based finishes are easy to use and are fade-resistant.

Oil Finishes
Oil finishes are natural finishes derived from plants. They are used to treat and preserve wood. There are many kinds of oil finishes.

Linseed Oil Finish (Boiled)
Linseed oil is obtained from flax seeds. It which gives a fantastic finish, was more in use in the earlier times. Since raw linseed oil, never dries properly and becomes gummy and sticky, it is advisable to use boiled linseed oil. Metallic drying agents as additives in boiled linseed oil help the finish to dry within a day, which would otherwise take a week.

Danish Oil and Tung Oil
These two are absorbing finishes. They are easy to use and are available in clear, as well as pigmented finishes. Both the oils do not need a sealant before the finish. Though they are not as durable as other finishes, they are fairly easy to repair. Even a slight scratch in the finish can be re-worked by applying another coat of the finish with a piece of cloth.

Lacquer
Lacquer is one of the darker finishes. It is flexible, durable, and easy to maintain. Regular lacquer dries very quickly, and spray guns can be used to finish with lacquer. However, a good deal of caution is to be exercised while doing this, as the fumes are hazardous to health.

Shellac
Shellac is a natural resin. It has an alcohol base, and gives a dark finish. Shellac dries very fast and is less likely to collect dust. It is available in two forms - flaked and liquid. Both should be mixed with alcohol to acquire a thin consistency. Shellac is a fairly durable finish, but not as durable as lacquer or varnish.